Q：那麼讓我們來看看那些有貳言的處所。按照你的說法，伊斯蘭教的天堂會許諾那些自殺炸彈客可以在身後享有童貞的觀念是最離譜的曲解之一。
Q. - So at the time of Mohammed Arabic did not have precise rules翻譯社 and was not used for written communication. Then how did the Koran come to be written?
A：自3世紀伊始，敘利亞基督徒便入手下手帶著他們張揚福音的任務踏上了如亞美尼亞或波斯的鄰近國度翻譯他們走遍了遙遠的異域，一路來到中國和印度的西部界限，除整個阿拉伯半島以外，還有葉門和埃塞俄比亞。但在阿誰阿拉伯語還只是一個方言雜燴，沒有書面語言的時期，佈道士們別無選擇，只能測驗考試訴諸他們本身的書面說話和文化；那就是敘利亞-亞拉姆語。正因如斯，為了向阿拉伯人流傳基督教信息，他們極可能會選擇利用貝都因人的說話或阿拉伯語。
但如果瞭解敘利亞-亞拉姆語，那麼就發現這個單詞的意思其實是“白葡萄”，這是基督教天堂裡的常見象徵元素之一，在耶穌的最後晚餐上也有被提及翻譯在另外一段《古蘭經》段落裡它又被誤解為天國的“兒童”或是“年輕人”，但在亞拉姆語裡，它指的是葡萄樹的果實，相當於《古蘭經》裡所提到的珍珠。與這類關於天國的象徵一樣，這些誤解極可能與《古蘭經》評論及釋義中的男性壟斷現象脫不了關係。
A：讓天成翻譯社們先從單詞“huri”開始說起，阿拉伯評論家對這個單詞沒有找到其它除天國的童貞之外的寄義。 A：天成翻譯社這麼做是因為一些穆斯林朋侪的建議，他們很擔心會有一些狂熱的原教旨主義者，等不及教令下判決就想對天成翻譯社晦氣。 ROMA - That Aramaic was the lingua franca of a vast area of the ancient Middle East is a notion that is by now amply noted by a vast public翻譯社 thanks to Mel Gibson´s film "The Passion of the Christ," which everyone watches in that language. In the Europe of the 16th and 17th centuries, mangled by the wars of religion, scholars of the Bible also used to keep a safe distance with pseudonyms. But if, now翻譯社 the ones doing so are the scholars of the Koran, this is a sign that翻譯社 for the Muslim holy book as well翻譯社 the era of historical, linguistic, and philological re-readings has begun. Q. - To many Muslim believers翻譯社 for whom the Koran is the holy book and the only truth, your conclusions could seem blasphemous. What reactions have you noticed up until now?
Q：所以，在穆罕默德時期，阿拉伯語還沒有被正確的規範化，也沒有發展出書面用語。 A. - "In Pakistan, the sale of the edition of ´Newsweek´ that contained an article on my book was banned. Otherwise, I must say that, in my encounters with Muslims翻譯社 I have not noticed any hostile attitudes. On the contrary翻譯社 they have appreciated the commitment of a non-Muslim to studies aimed at an objective comprehension of their sacred text. My work could be judged as blasphemous only by those who decide to cling to errors in the interpretation of the word of God. But in the Koran it is written翻譯社 ´No one can bring to the right way those whom God induces to error.´" A：因為，在《古蘭經》裡存在著很多模糊不清的處所，乃至就連阿拉伯評論家都難以解釋，乃至還有人說，只有天主才能理解這些段落。 Q：難道翻譯公司不會害怕遭到伊斯蘭教令的措置，就像薩爾曼・魯西迪遭到的死刑判決那樣？ 透過古代說話的蛛絲馬跡，一名德國粹者對伊斯蘭教的聖書提出了一種全新的看法翻譯根據他的概念，《古蘭經》真正的作者其實說著一口敘利亞-亞拉姆語，向阿拉伯人鼓吹福音的基督徒。 Q. - Do you mean that anyone who does not keep the Syro-Aramaic language in mind cannot translate and interpret the Koran correctly? Q：你還發現《古蘭經》在第97章裡提到了基督的降生。根據你的翻譯，在馳名的說起瑪麗亞的那一章，她的臨蓐實際上是“受主授意的”。有無可能，本來的《古蘭經》其實只是阿拉伯語版的基督教《聖經》？ 阿爾弗雷德・哈肯斯伯格對“克里斯托弗・盧森伯格”的專訪
A：一入手下手我便著手進行“同步式”浏覽，也就是說，我同時用阿拉伯語和亞拉姆語來解讀經文翻譯多虧有這麼做，我很快就發現了亞拉姆語對《古蘭經》超乎想像的語言影響：事實上，如今以“古阿拉伯語”寫成的大部份段落其實本來都應該是亞拉姆語。
Q. - Does this mean the veil is really a chastity belt? A：論其發源，《古蘭經》實際上是一部敘利亞-亞拉姆語星期書，佈滿了引自《聖經》的讚美詩和抄寫，多是被用於基督教的宗教運動。再者，《古蘭經》起初是被作為以阿拉伯語將《聖經》的內容鼓動宣傳給麥加的基督徒而最先的，本來的《古蘭經》並非那麼的和後來在麥地那被改動後的那麼與社會政治相幹。 Q：那又是什麼使你的研究方法如此與眾分歧？
A：按照伊斯蘭教傳統，《古蘭經》的歷史可以追溯到7世紀，但確切意義上的阿拉伯語文學的例子卻是兩個多世紀以後，即所謂的“先知列傳”時代的事；如去世於828年的伊本・希沙姆的作品翻譯是以我們可以藉此來肯定後《古蘭經》時期的阿拉伯文學究竟成長到了什麼水平，我指的是在編纂《阿拉伯語辭書》（kitab al-ayn）的哈利勒・本・艾哈邁德逝世於786年，還有為阿拉伯語語法支出進獻的希巴威沃於796年後的那段期間。
Q：所以，面紗真實的意思是貞操帶？ A. - "Yes. Anyone who wants to make a thorough study of the Koran must have a background in the Syro-Aramaic grammar and literature of that period, the 7th century. Only thus can he identify the original meaning of Arabic expressions whose semantic interpretation can be established definitively only by retranslating them into Syro-Aramaic." A. - "At first I conducted a ´synchronous´ reading. In other words, I kept in mind both Arabic and Aramaic. Thanks to this procedure, I was able to discover the extent of the previously unsuspected influence of Aramaic upon the language of the Koran: in point of fact, much of what now passes under the name of ´classical Arabic´ is of Aramaic derivation." An interview with "Christoph Luxenberg" by Alfred Hackensberger 下面這篇作者專訪曾被劃分頒發在德國的《南德意志報》和2004年3月12-18日刊的義大利《精髓周刊》第11輯上： This is a promising beginning for many reasons. Gerd-Rüdiger Puin, a professor at Saarland University in Germany and another Koran scholar on the philological level, maintains that this type of approach to Islam´s holy book can help to defeat its fundamentalist and Manichean readings翻譯社 and to bring into a better light its ties with Judaism and Christianity. Q. - What is the relationship between this language of culture and the origin of the Koran? The book by "Christoph Luxenberg" came out in 2000 in Germany with the title "Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Koran" ("A Syro-Aramaic Reading of the Koran"), published in Berlin by Das Arabische Buch. It is out of print, and there are no translations in other languages. But a new翻譯社 updated edition (again in German) is about to arrive in bookstores.
Q：請告訴我們你是若何繼續的。
Q. - You have discovered that Sura 97 of the Koran mentions the Nativity. And in your translation of the famous Sura of Mary, her "birthgiving" is "made legitimate by the Lord." Moreover, the text contains the invitation to come to the sacred liturgy, to the Mass. Would the Koran, then, be nothing other than an Arabic version of the Christian Bible? A. - "I am not a Muslim翻譯社 so I don´t run that risk. Besides, I haven´t offended against the Koran" Q：順道一提，請問你對伊斯蘭教的面紗有什麼見地？ 童貞與葡萄：《古蘭經》的基督教發源 A：天成翻譯社開初的設法主意就是，要研究《古蘭經》就必需得從歷史-語言學的角度來梳理。 Q. - Aren´t you afraid of a fatwa, a death sentence like the one pronounced against Salman Rushdie? Q：既然如斯，那你怎麼對待對於人們一向以來所認為的，《古蘭經》是第一部以阿拉伯語寫成的作品的觀念？ 可是，敘利亞-亞拉姆語其實也是《古蘭經》的源流之一，這就是為什麼《古蘭經》身上還留著ㄧ些原始基督教系統的影子，這觸及了一個更為專門的概念，而且幾近從未為人所知，乃至還有些危險翻譯若細數起關於這個主題的最主要的著作的作者——那麼謎底絕非德國的古代閃米特與阿拉伯說話教授，克里斯托弗・盧森伯格莫屬——不過出於安全考量，這個名字其實是假名。究竟結果僅僅就在幾年之前，他在巴勒斯坦納布盧斯大學的同事薩利曼・巴希爾就曾被他自認為遭到幹犯的穆斯林學生揪起，扔出窗外翻譯 A. - "I began from the idea that the language of the Koran must be studied from an historical-linguistic point of view. When the Koran was composed翻譯社 Arabic did not exist as a written language; thus it seemed evident to me that it was necessary to take into consideration, above all翻譯社 Aramaic, which at the time翻譯社 between the 4th and 7th centuries翻譯社 was not only the language of written communication, but also the lingua franca of that area of Western Asia." A German scholar of ancient languages takes a new look at the sacred book of Islam. He maintains that it was created by Syro-Aramaic speaking Christians翻譯社 in order to evangelize the Arabs. And he translates it in a new way From the Gospel to Islam
現今的大眾或多或少都邑知道亞拉姆語曾在古代中東的大部分地區廣為風行這個常識，當然這都要歸功於梅爾・吉勃遜的那部全程採用亞拉姆語的電影《受難記：最後的豪情》。 Q：對很多穆斯林來說，《古蘭經》是代表了絕對真谛的聖書，你的結論對他們而言無異於褻瀆翻譯截至今朝為止，翻譯公司有收到什麼反應嗎？
A：在第24章31節裡，阿拉伯語版是這麼寫的，“她們應該用khumurs擊打袋子。
Q. - Let´s come to the misunderstandings. One of the most glaring errors you cite is that of the virgins promised, in the Islamic paradise, to the suicide bombers. Q. - Professor, why did you think it useful to conduct this re-reading of the Koran? Q：傳授，請問為什麼翻譯公司會認為依托這類方式從新詮釋《古蘭經》是成心義的？ “克里斯托弗・盧森伯格”的著作“Die Syro-Aramäische Lesart des Koran”（《敘利亞-亞拉姆語版古蘭經》）是在2000年時在德國正式出書，出書商為柏林的阿拉伯文書公司。 http://chiesa.espresso.repubblica.it/articolo/7025?eng=y Q. - By the way, what do you think about the Islamic veil? 福音書與伊斯蘭教 Q. - What makes your method different? The Virgins and the Grapes: the Christian Origins of the Koran A. - "According to Islamic tradition, the Koran dates back to the 7th century, while the first examples of Arabic literature in the full sense of the phrase are found only two centuries later, at the time of the ´Biography of the Prophet´; that is, of the life of Mohammed as written by Ibn Hisham, who died in 828. We may thus establish that post-Koranic Arabic literature developed by degrees翻譯社 in the period following the work of al-Khalil bin Ahmad翻譯社 who died in 786翻譯社 the founder of Arabic lexicography (kitab al-ayn), and of Sibawwayh, who died in 796, to whom the grammar of classical Arabic is due. Now, if we assume that the composition of the Koran was brought to an end in the year of the Prophet Mohammed´s death, in 632, we find before us an interval of 150 years翻譯社 during which there is no trace of Arabic literature worthy of note." Q. - Tell us how you proceeded. A. - "There is a passage in Sura 24翻譯社 verse 31, which in Arabic reads, ´That they should beat their khumurs against their bags.´ It is an incomprehensible phrase, for which the following interpretation has been sought: ´That they should extend their kerchiefs from their heads to their breasts.´ But if this passage is read in the light of Syro-Aramaic, it simply means: ´They should fasten their belts around their waists.´" But that Syro-Aramaic was also the root of the Koran, and of the Koran of a primitive Christian system, is a more specialized notion, an almost clandestine one. And it´s more than a little dangerous. The author of the most important book on the subject - a German professor of ancient Semitic and Arabic languages - preferred, out of prudence, to write under the pseudonym of Christoph Luxenberg. A few years ago, one of his colleagues at the University of Nablus in Palestine, Suliman Bashear, was thrown out of the window by his scandalized Muslim students. A. - "Not exactly. It is true that翻譯社 in the Christian tradition翻譯社 the belt is associated with chastity: Mary is depicted with a belt fastened around her waist. But in the gospel account of the Last Supper翻譯社 Christ also ties an apron around his waist before washing the Apostles´ feet. There are clearly many parallels with the Christian faith." Q：你的意思是，不懂敘利亞-亞拉姆語的人就無法准確的翻譯息爭釋《古蘭經》了？ A：我不是穆斯林，所以我不會有這類風險。更況且我並沒有搪突到《古蘭經》翻譯 Q. - But you still preferred to use a pseudonym. 出於許多原因，這實際上是一個潛力無限的測驗考試翻譯正如德國薩爾蘭大學的德爾格・呂迪格爾・普恩和其他《古蘭經》學者就認為，這類從語言學的角度去理解伊斯蘭教的聖書，是一種遠比原教旨主義和摩尼式讀法都還更好，並且也更可以或許揭露其與猶太教以及基督教之關聯的體式格局翻譯 A. - "In its origin, the Koran is a Syro-Aramaic liturgical book, with hymns and extracts from Scriptures which might have been used in sacred Christian services. In the second place, one may see in the Koran the beginning of a preaching directed toward transmitting the belief in the Sacred Scriptures to the pagans of Mecca, in the Arabic language. Its socio-political sections, which are not especially related to the original Koran, were added later in Medina. At its beginning翻譯社 the Koran was not conceived as the foundation of a new religion. It presupposes belief in the Scriptures, and thus functioned merely as an inroad into Arabic society." A. - "We begin from the term ´huri,´ for which the Arabic commentators could not find any meaning other than those heavenly virgins. But if one keeps in mind the derivations from Syro-Aramaic, that expression indicated ´white grapes,´ which is one of the symbolic elements of the Christian paradise, recalled in the Last Supper of Jesus. There´s another Koranic expression, falsely interpreted as ´the children´ or ´the youths´ of paradise: in Aramaic: it designates the fruit of the vine, which in the Koran is compared to pearls. As for the symbols of paradise, these interpretive errors are probably connected to the male monopoly in Koranic commentary and interpretation." Q. - What do you say, then, about the idea, accepted until now, that the Koran was the first book written in Arabic? Q：這種文化的說話和《古蘭經》的發源有什麼聯系關系？
A：不盡然翻譯確實，在基督教傳統裡，腰帶常常被與貞操聯繫在一起：例如瑪麗亞就老是被描畫成在腰間綁著一條腰帶的形象。 但我也必需說，就天成翻譯社碰見過的穆斯林來說，我並沒有遭受到任何敵對的立場。”
相反的，他們極度讚賞一位非穆斯林會願意如此客觀的研究他們的神聖文本翻譯只有那些要堅持以毛病的方式詮釋上帝的話語的人材有資曆說我的研究是在褻瀆。
A：在巴基斯坦，是有曾刊載摘錄自我的書裡的文章的《新聞周刊》被制止販售。不外《古蘭經》亦明白寫過，“沒人能把神導致的錯誤指導回正途。 A. - "Because, in the Koran, there are many obscure points that, from the beginning翻譯社 even the Arab commentators were not able to explain. Of these passages it is said that only God can comprehend them. Western research on the Koran翻譯社 which has been conducted in a systematic manner only since about the middle of the 19th century翻譯社 has always taken as its base the commentaries of the Arab scholars. But these have never gone beyond the etymological explanation of some terms of foreign origin."
這就是他們的文化的載體，同時也是他們的書面說話。
A：在誰人時候還沒有所謂的阿拉伯黉舍——除，或許在美索不達米亞南部，即今伊拉克的安巴爾和希拉的基督教中間可以算是。他們的星期式說話是敘利亞-亞拉姆語。
A. - "At that time, there were no Arab schools - except, perhaps, for the Christian centers of al-Anbar and al-Hira, in southern Mesopotamia翻譯社 or what is now Iraq. The Arabs of that region had been Christianized and instructed by Syrian Christians. Their liturgical language was Syro-Aramaic. And this was the vehicle of their culture翻譯社 and more generally the language of written communication." A. - "I did that on the advice of Muslim friends who were afraid that some enthusiastic fundamentalist would act of his own initiative, without waiting for a fatwa." by Sandro Magister 由於宗教戰爭的影響，16-18世紀的歐洲《聖經》學者也習慣使用假名來自保。但而今反卻是《古蘭經》學者才需要這麼做，不過這也意味著，從新反思穆斯林的聖書、歷史、說話和文獻學的機會已經到了翻譯 A：確切如斯翻譯任何想要研究《古蘭經》的人都應當知曉敘利亞-亞拉姆語，還有瞭解阿誰期間，也就是7世紀時的文學概況。 A. - "Beginning in the third century翻譯社 the Syrian Christians did not limit themselves to bringing their evangelical mission to nearby countries, like Armenia or Persia. They pressed on toward distant territories翻譯社 all the way to the borders of China and the western coast of India, in addition to the entire Arabian peninsula all the way to Yemen and Ethiopia. It is thus rather probable that翻譯社 in order to proclaim the Christian message to the Arabic peoples翻譯社 they would have used (among others) the language of the Bedouins翻譯社 or Arabic. In order to spread the Gospel, they necessarily made use of a mishmash of languages. But in an era in which Arabic was just an assembly of dialects and had no written form翻譯社 the missionaries had no choice but to resort to their own literary language and their own culture; that is翻譯社 to Syro-Aramaic. The result was that the language of the Koran was born as a written Arabic language, but one of Arab-Aramaic derivation." Here follows an interview with the author, published in Germany in the newspaper "Süddeutsche Zeitung" and in Italy in "L´espresso," no. 11, March 12-18, 2004:
文章出自: http://blog.xuite.net/kesaite/blog/484431703有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢天成翻譯社
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